Ngaphambi kwesinyathelo sokuqala
Amaqanda Nezidleke Zamadayinaso: Okuvezwa Amafosili
Impendulo emfushane
Amaqanda amadayinaso aveza imininingwane yokuzalana engeke ivezwe uhlaka lwamathambo esilwane esidala: ukwakheka kwegobolondo, imibungu ekhulayo nokuhleleka kwamaqanda azalelwe ndawonye. Wonke amadayinaso esinolwazi ngokuzalana kwawo ayezalela amaqanda. Kodwa iqanda eliyifosili elizimele alivamile ukusitshela lodwa ukuthi lazalelwa yiluphi uhlobo noma ukuthi umzali wahlala isikhathi esingakanani eduze.
Amaqanda amadayinaso ayengafani wonke
Amaqanda ayifosili ahlukene ngokuma, ukwakheka kwegobolondo nosayizi. Amanye ayindilinga, amanye made. Ubufakazi bubonisa nokuhluka kokufakwa kwamaminerali emagobolondweni, ngakho umfanekiso ojwayelekile wegobolondo eliqinile awusebenzi kuwo wonke amaqanda. Encazelweni yayo ethi Amaqanda Amadayinaso 101, i-AMNH iqhathanisa lokhu kuhlukahluka namaqanda ahlukahlukene ezihuquzeli nezinyoni eziphilayo.
Isilwane esidala esikhulu kakhulu sasingadingeki sizalele iqanda elikhulu ngokulingana nomzimba waso. Umbungu okhulayo kufanele ushintshisane ngamagesi nendawo ezungezile ngokudlula egobolondweni. Iqanda liyisakhiwo sebhayoloji esisebenzayo, hhayi nje umfanekiso omncane wesilwane esidala.
Umbungu ungashintsha ukuhlonzwa
Amaqanda atholakala e-Flaming Cliffs yaseMongolia ake ahlotshaniswa ne-Protoceratops, isilwane esivamile kuleyo ndawo. Okwatholakala kamuva, kuhlanganise nombungu ngaphakathi kweqanda elifanayo, kwaxhumanisa lawo maqanda namadayinaso ama-oviraptorid. Indaba yokutholakala exoxwa yi-AMNH ibonisa ukuthi incazelo ebukeka inamandla ingashintsha kanjani lapho kuvela ubufakazi obuqonde kakhudlwana.
Lo mlando ubalulekile uma ufunda nge-Oviraptor. Igama layo libonisa incazelo yokuqala yokweba amaqanda, hhayi ubufakazi bokuthi zonke izilwane ezatholakala eduze kwesidleke zaziweba amaqanda. Ukulungisa leyo ncazelo nakho akuvezi konke ukudla kwaleso silwane. Amafosili aphendula imibuzo ethile.
Lokho okusekelwa uhlobo ngalunye lokutholakala
Umzali ophezu kwamaqanda, izidleke eziphindaphindayo nemibungu konke kunikeza ulwazi oluhlukile. Incazelo enamandla igcina lezi zinto ezibonwayo zihlukene ngaphambi kokuzihlanganisa.
| Okubonwayo | Isiphetho esifanele | Okusadinga ubufakazi |
|---|---|---|
| Umbungu ngaphakathi kweqanda | Ukuxhumana okuseduze kohlobo lweqanda neqembu lombungu | Ukuthi wonke amaqanda afanayo awe-species efanayo yini |
| Isilwane esidala esigcinwe siphezu kwamaqanda | Ukufukamela noma ukuqapha okungenzeka | Okwakwenziwa nsuku zonke nokuthi ukunakekela kwakwenziwa eyeduna noma eyensikazi |
| Izidleke emazingeni amaningana | Ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokuzalela izikhathi eziningi | Ukuthi izilwane ezifanayo zazibuya yini |
| Imikhondo yezinto zombala egobolondweni | Ubufakazi bezinto zombala zokuqala | Umbala wawo wonke amaqanda eqenjini |
Ukubuka ngaphakathi kweqanda ngaphandle kokuliqhekeza
Izithombe ze-X-ray ezinemininingwane ephezulu zivumela abacwaningi ukuhlola imibungu eyifosili ngenkathi begcina ukuhlobana kwayo nedwala eliyizungezile. Ucwaningo lwemibungu ye-Massospondylus lwathola ukuthi ukukhula kogebhezi kwakungakafiki ezingeni elalicatshangwa ngaphambili. Umbiko womnyuziyamu ngama-scan uchaza ukuthi ukuqhathanisa nezihuquzeli eziphilayo kwasiza kanjani ukuchaza isigaba sokukhula.
Ngakho umbungu ungaphezu komfanekiso wedayinaso elincane. Uwubufakazi bokukhula. Noma kunjalo, iphesenti lesikhathi sokukhula ngaphakathi kweqanda eliqagelwe ngesampula elilodwa akufanele liguqulwe libe uhlelo oluqondile lokuchanyuselwa kwawo wonke amadayinaso.
Amanye amaqanda ayenemibala
Ucwaningo lwango-2018 ku-Nature lwahlola izinto zombala emagobolondweni amaqanda amadayinaso, lwaphakamisa ukuthi amaqanda anemibala ayenomsuka owodwa wokuziphendukela kwemvelo phakathi kwamadayinaso ahloliwe. Lobu ubufakazi bamakhemikhali, obuhlukile ekuboneni umbala emdwebeni noma ekwahluleleni umbala wanamuhla wefosili eligcwele amaminerali.
Umbala wefosili namuhla ungavela emlandweni wokugqibeka kwalo. Ukuqonda leyo nguquko, qala ngokuthi amafosili akheka kanjani. Bese uqhathanisa ubufakazi bokuzalana nobudlelwano bezinyoni namanye amadayinaso, ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi zonke izinhlobo ezashabalala zazakha izidleke njengenyoni yanamuhla.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo
Iqanda ledayinaso eliyifosili lisengachanyuselwa?
Cha. Iqanda eliyifosili liyisampula lasendulo lomlando womhlaba. Umbungu ogcinwe kulo, uma ukhona, awuwona ophilayo olindele ukukhula.
Itshe eliyindilinga lingahlonzwa ngokuma kwalo njengeqanda ledayinaso?
Cha. Izigaxa zamaminerali ezakheka ngokwemvelo zingafana namaqanda. Ukuhlonza kudinga ubufakazi njengokwakheka kwegobolondo, umbungu nomongo wamadwala.
Imithombo nokunye ongakufunda
- American Museum of Natural History — Amaqanda Amadayinaso 101
- American Museum of Natural History — Amaqanda amadayinaso
- Natural History Museum — Ukubuka okunemininingwane eminingi ngaphakathi kwamaqanda amadayinaso amadala kakhulu emhlabeni
- UWiemann nozakwabo (2018) — Umbala wamaqanda amadayinaso wawunomsuka owodwa wokuziphendukela kwemvelo
