— amanothi ensimu —

Amanothi Ensimu

Amanothi achaza ukuthi amadayinaso ayephila kanjani, ukuthi amazwekazi asendulo ahlukana kanjani, nokuthi yini izazi zezinsalela eziyitholile.

— inothi lensimu No. 1 —

I-Tyrannosaurus: yayinjani ngempela

Amamitha ayishumi nambili ukusuka ekhaleni kuya ekugcineni komsila, ugebhezi olude njengetafula lokubhalela, namazinyo ayechoboza amathambo. I-Tyrannosaurus yayiphila entshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-68–66 edlule, futhi amathambo ayo acwaningwe kangcono kunamathambo anoma yiliphi elinye idayinaso elikhulu elidla inyama. Kodwa ngezwi layo, umbala wayo nemikhuba yayo amathambo asitshela okuncane kakhulu, yingakho kulapho kugcwele khona ukuqagela.

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— inothi lensimu No. 2 —

I-Velociraptor: yayihluke kanjani kuleyo esesikrinini

Ukube obuka amafilimu wayengahlangana ne-Velociraptor yangempela, wayengeke ayibone. Lesi silwane esizingelayo sasifika emadolweni omuntu omdala: amamitha amabili ubude kubalwa nomsila, isigamu semitha ukuphakama kuze kufike enqulwini. Sasimbozwe yizimpaphe, nakuba singandizi. Kulokho okuboniswa esikrinini, okusele cishe wuzipho olukhulu olugobile onyaweni lwangemuva kuphela.

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— inothi lensimu No. 3 —

Yiliphi idayinaso elalilikhulu kunawo wonke

Buza isazi sezinsalela ukuthi yiliphi idayinaso elalilikhulu kunawo wonke, sizokuphendula ngombuzo: usho elide kakhulu, eliphakeme kakhulu noma elisinda kakhulu? Kuyo yomithathu le mincintiswano kunqoba ama-sauropod, izilwane ezinkulukazi ezidla izitshalo ezinezintamo ezinde. Ngesisindo kuvame ukubalwa i-Argentinosaurus ne-Patagotitan. Ukumemezela umpetha kunzima: ezilwaneni ezinkulukazi eziningi kusele amathambo ambalwa nje, futhi izilinganiso zibalwa kabusha ngokuphindaphindiwe.

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— inothi lensimu No. 4 —

Kungani amadayinaso ashabalala

Eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-66 edlule, i-asteroid ebanzi cishe amakhilomitha ayishumi yashayisa olwandle olungajulile ngasogwini lwaseMexico yanamuhla. Uthuli lwamboza isibhakabhaka, izitshalo zayeka ukuthola ukukhanya, futhi ngesikhathi esifushane anyamalala onke amadayinaso ngaphandle kwezinyoni. Nezinyoni azisindanga ngaphandle komonakalo: amaqembu azo amaningi asendulo awayiphumelelanga le nhlekelele.

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— inothi lensimu No. 5 —

I-Spinosaurus: isilwane esizingelayo ngasemanzini

Alikho idayinaso elinomlando onomshwa njenge-Spinosaurus: amathambo ayo okuqala, atholakala eGibhithe, abhujiswa ngo-1944, futhi isimo sayo kwadingeka sakhiwe kabusha amashumi eminyaka. Namuhla okuyinhloko kuyaziwa. Yayiphila eNyakatho Afrika nge-Cretaceous, inemihlathi emide emincane, useyili omude emhlane, futhi yayidla izinhlanzi. Kodwa ukuthi yayizibamba ibhukuda noma ihamba emanzini angajulile, kusaphikiswana ngakho.

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— inothi lensimu No. 6 —

Kungani i-Pteranodon ingelona idayinaso

I-Pteranodon idwetshwa emabhokisini abhalwe ukuthi “Amadayinaso”, kodwa lokho akulungile. Iyi-pterosaur, ilungu legatsha elihlukile lezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezindizayo, eliseduze namadayinaso kodwa elizimele. Ubukhulu, ubudala noma ikhono lokundiza akunqumi ubuhlobo. Okunqumayo wumsuka nokwakheka kwamathambo.

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— inothi lensimu No. 7 —

I-Triceratops: izimpondo, isihlangu sentamo nokuphila ekupheleni kwe-Cretaceous

Izimpondo ezintathu, umlomo onjengowenyoni nesihlangu samathambo ngemuva kwekhanda: i-Triceratops iyaziwa ngisho ngumuntu ongakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-Jurassic ne-Cretaceous. Lesi silwane esidla izitshalo, esasinamamitha angu-8–9 ubude, saphila eNyakatho Melika ekugcineni impela kwe-Cretaceous, eduze ne-Tyrannosaurus. Ukuthi sasibukeka kanjani kwaziwa kahle. Ukuthi izimpondo nesihlangu kwakusebenzani nokuthi sasiziphatha kanjani, lapho siqiniseka kancane.

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— inothi lensimu No. 8 —

I-Triassic, i-Jurassic ne-Cretaceous: izikhathi ezintathu ze-Mesozoic

I-Tyrannosaurus iseduze nathi ngesikhathi kunokuba yayiseduze ne-Stegosaurus. Lokhu akulona ihlaya, yizibalo nje: inkathi ye-Mesozoic yathatha cishe iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-186, futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izikhathi ezintathu, i-Triassic, i-Jurassic ne-Cretaceous. Phakathi naleso sikhathi kwavela amadayinaso, i-Pangaea yaqhekeka, futhi izitshalo nezilwane zashintsha kaningana.

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— inothi lensimu No. 9 —

Izimpaphe zamadayinaso: esikutshelwa yizinsalela

Bheka ijuba: ubuka idayinaso, futhi izimpaphe zalo yifa elivela kokhokho balo. Izimpawu zezimpaphe nezinye izinsalela zazo zitholakale emadayinasweni amaningi angezona izinyoni. Ngazo kwakhiwa kabusha ukubukeka kwezilwane futhi kulandelwe ukuthi izinyoni zavelaphi. Kodwa ungasheshi ukuphetha: ukuba nezimpaphe akusho ukundiza.

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— inothi lensimu No. 10 —

I-Gondwana: amazwekazi aseningizimu ezweni lamadayinaso

Hlanganisa iNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika, i-Antarctica, i-Australia nenhlonhlo yaseNdiya njengezingcezu zepuleti eliphukile, uzothola i-Gondwana. Yaqala ukuqhekeka nge-Jurassic, cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-180 edlule, futhi lokho kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu: i-Australia ne-Antarctica zagcina zehlukene ngemva kokushabalala kwamadayinaso. Lapho amazwekazi ehlukana, nezilwane ezazihlala kuwo zahlukana.

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Ukufunda emadwaleni

Akheka Kanjani Amafosili Amadayinaso?

Ifosili ledayinaso lakheka lapho izinsalela noma imikhondo ihlala isikhathi esanele ukuze ibe yingxenye yomlando ogcinwe emadwaleni. Ethanjeni, ukugqibeka namanzi angaphansi komhlaba acebile ngamaminerali kuvame ukusiza ukuligcina. Emkhondweni wonyawo, okubalulekile ukugcina umnyatheliso ungaphazamisekile. Ayikho kulezi zinqubo egcina umlando ophelele wokuphila kwesilwane.

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Isikhathi esigcinwe ongqimbeni lwedwala

Ososayensi Babunquma Kanjani Ubudala Bamafosili Amadayinaso?

Ososayensi bavame ukunquma ubudala bedayinaso ngokuthola ubudala bamadwala alizungezile. Ukuhleleka kwezingqimba kunikeza ukulandelana kwesikhathi; amaminerali afanele anganikeza ubudala obuyisibalo. Indlela ye-carbon-14 iwusizo ezinsaleleni zakamuva kakhulu, kodwa ibanga layo lesikhathi lifushane kakhulu kumadayinaso angewona izinyoni.

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Amadayinaso angaphandle kwefasitela lakho

Ingabe Izinyoni Zingamadayinaso? Kuchazwa Ubufakazi

Yebo. Izinyoni zingamadayinaso aphilayo, ikakhulukazi igatsha elilodwa lama-theropod. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinyoni zavela emadayinasweni, kodwa le nkulumo ingenza kubonakale sengathi zalishiya lelo qembu. Ekuhlukaniseni ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo, inzalo ihlala ngaphakathi kwamagatsha eyavela kuwo.

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Ukuqonda indlela ehamba phakathi kwe-Dinosauria

Izinhlobo Zamadayinaso: Umhlahlandlela Wamaqembu Amakhulu

Amaqembu amakhulu amadayinaso angamagatsha esihlahla sozalo, hhayi izigaba zosayizi. Ama-theropod afaka i-T. rex nezinyoni; ama-sauropod afaka izilwane ezinkulu ezinezintamo ezinde; ama-ornithischian afaka amadayinaso anezimpondo, anemilomo efana neyedada nanesivikelo samathambo. “Idayinaso elindizayo” nelithi “idayinaso lasolwandle” kuvame ukubhekisela ezilwaneni ezingaphandle kwe-Dinosauria.

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Ngaphambi kwesinyathelo sokuqala

Amaqanda Nezidleke Zamadayinaso: Okuvezwa Amafosili

Amaqanda amadayinaso aveza imininingwane yokuzalana engeke ivezwe uhlaka lwamathambo esilwane esidala: ukwakheka kwegobolondo, imibungu ekhulayo nokuhleleka kwamaqanda azalelwe ndawonye. Wonke amadayinaso esinolwazi ngokuzalana kwawo ayezalela amaqanda. Kodwa iqanda eliyifosili elizimele alivamile ukusitshela lodwa ukuthi lazalelwa yiluphi uhlobo noma ukuthi umzali wahlala isikhathi esingakanani eduze.

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Umbala ongale kwamathambo

Amadayinaso Ayenemibala Enjani? Ubufakazi Nokungaqiniseki

Ososayensi bakhe kabusha ezinye izici zombala kumadayinaso ambalwa agcinwe kahle ngokungavamile. Izakhiwo ezinezinto zombala nokusabalala kwazo kungaveza ukumbozeka okunombala ojulile, okubomvu kancane noma okushintsha imibala ngokukhanya, kanye namaphethini emzimbeni. Amafosili amaningi awabugcini lobu bufakazi, ngakho lonke uhlelo lwemibala luvame ukuhlala luwukwakha kabusha komculi.

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