Ukuqonda indlela ehamba phakathi kwe-Dinosauria
Izinhlobo Zamadayinaso: Umhlahlandlela Wamaqembu Amakhulu
Impendulo emfushane
Amaqembu amakhulu amadayinaso angamagatsha esihlahla sozalo, hhayi izigaba zosayizi. Ama-theropod afaka i-T. rex nezinyoni; ama-sauropod afaka izilwane ezinkulu ezinezintamo ezinde; ama-ornithischian afaka amadayinaso anezimpondo, anemilomo efana neyedada nanesivikelo samathambo. “Idayinaso elindizayo” nelithi “idayinaso lasolwandle” kuvame ukubhekisela ezilwaneni ezingaphandle kwe-Dinosauria.
Qala ngamagatsha ayisithupha ajwayelekile
Leli thebula liyimephu esebenzisekayo yamaqembu ajwayelekile, hhayi ukuhlukaniswa okuphelele noma uhlu lwamazinga alinganayo. Iqembu elincane lingaphakathi kwelinye: izinyoni zingama-theropod, kanti ama-hadrosaur angaphakathi kwama-ornithopod. I-National Park Service inikeza umongo obanzi wokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
| Iqembu | Izici eziwusizo | Isibonelo eqoqweni lethu |
|---|---|---|
| Ama-theropod | Ngokuvamile ahamba ngemilenze emibili; ukudla nokumbozeka komzimba kuhlukahlukene | I-Tyrannosaurus, i-Velociraptor, i-Archaeopteryx |
| Ama-sauropod | Izintamo ezinde, amakhanda amancane nemilenze emine ethwala isisindo | I-Diplodocus, i-Brachiosaurus |
| Ama-ceratopsian | Uqhwaku; izinhlobo eziningi zakamuva zazinezimpondo nesihlangu samathambo ngemuva kwekhanda | I-Triceratops, i-Protoceratops |
| Ama-ornithopod | Izidli zezitshalo ezinokujwayela okuhlukahlukene kokuhlafuna | I-Iguanodon, i-Parasaurolophus |
| Ama-stegosaur | Amapuleti noma izikhonkwane emhlane nezikhonkwane emsileni | I-Stegosaurus |
| Ama-ankylosaur | Isivikelo samathambo esibanzi; amanye ayenesagila samathambo ekugcineni komsila | I-Ankylosaurus |
Ukudla kuwusizo, kodwa akusona isihlahla sozalo
Ama-theropod amaningi ajwayelekile ayedla inyama, kodwa i-Therizinosaurus nayo ingaphakathi kwalelo gatsha elibanzi futhi ichazwa njengesidli sezitshalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Brachiosaurus ne-Triceratops, zombili ezazidla izitshalo, zingamaqembu amadayinaso ahluke kakhulu. Ukudla okufanayo akwenzi izilwane ezimbili zibe izihlobo eziseduze.
Nansi indlela ewusizo yokusebenzisa ikhathalogi yezinhlobo: hlunga ngokudla ukuze uqhathanise indlela yokuphila, bese uvula amakhadi ngamanye ukuze uqhathanise umzimba nobudlelwano. Isihlungi siyithuluzi lokuphequlula, asisho ukuthi izigaba zaso zingamagatsha okuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Amagama amabili ajwayelekile aphathelene nokhalo
Amadayinaso ayevame ukuhlukaniswa abe i-Saurischia ne-Ornithischia. Ama-sauropodomorph nama-theropod ayebekwa ku-Saurischia; amadayinaso anezimpondo, ama-ornithopod nanesivikelo samathambo ku-Ornithischia. Amagama avame ukuchazwa ngokuthi “okhalweni olufana nolwesibankwa” nokuthi “okhalweni olufana nolwenyoni”.
Nokho izinyoni zavela ngaphakathi kwama-theropod, hhayi ku-Ornithischia. Abacwaningi basaqhubeka nokuhlola ubudlelwano eduze kwesisekelo sesihlahla samadayinaso. Ngakho ishadi elilula liyisiqondiso sencazelo yamanje, hhayi uhlu lwamagama angasoze ashintsha. Funda ubufakazi bokuthi izinyoni zingamadayinaso ukuze uqonde ukuthi la maqembu angena kanjani kwamanye.
Yiziphi izihuquzeli zasendulo ezingaphandle kweqembu?
I-Pteranodon iyi-pterosaur. I-Mosasaurus iyi-squamate yasolwandle, ehlobene negatsha elibanzi lezibankwa nezinyoka. Ukuphila ngesikhathi samadayinaso akubeki noma yisiphi kulezi zilwane ngaphakathi kwe-Dinosauria. Ngokufanayo, usayizi, ukubukeka okwesabekayo noma ukushabalala akukwazi ukuchaza idayinaso.
Ingxoxo ye-NPS ngokwakheka komzimba wedayinaso ixwayisa ngokuthi isici ngasinye singaba nokuhlukile. Ubudlelwano bunqunywa izinhlanganisela zezici. Lokhu kunokwethenjelwa kunokubiza sonke isihuquzeli esinemilenze eqondile, isilwane esinezimpondo noma umbhukudi wasendulo ngokuthi idayinaso.
I-genus, i-species nesidlaliso akufani
I-Tyrannosaurus iyi-genus; i-Tyrannosaurus rex yigama le-species. “Amadayinaso anemilomo efana neyedada” yincazelo evamile yama-hadrosaur. Ukugcina la mazinga ehlukene kwenza amakhathalogi afundeke kalula futhi kugweme ukubalwa okudukisayo kokuthi zingaki “izinhlobo” ezikhona.
Uhlolojikelele lwe-American Museum of Natural History luchaza nokuthi kungani umlando wamafosili ungagcini konke ukuhlukahluka kokuqala. Inani elinqunyiwe lisheshe liphelelwe yisikhathi njengoba kuchazwa izinhlobo ezintsha futhi kubuyekezwa amagama amadala. Umbuzo owusizo kosaqalayo uthi isilwane sikuliphi iqembu, futhi ibuphi ubufakazi obusibeka lapho.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo
Zonke izihuquzeli zasendulo ezinezintamo ezinde zingama-sauropod?
Cha. Intamo ende yavela emaqenjini ahlukene ezihuquzeli. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-plesiosaur ayeyizihuquzeli zasolwandle ezingaphandle kwe-Dinosauria.
