Umbala ongale kwamathambo
Amadayinaso Ayenemibala Enjani? Ubufakazi Nokungaqiniseki
Impendulo emfushane
Ososayensi bakhe kabusha ezinye izici zombala kumadayinaso ambalwa agcinwe kahle ngokungavamile. Izakhiwo ezinezinto zombala nokusabalala kwazo kungaveza ukumbozeka okunombala ojulile, okubomvu kancane noma okushintsha imibala ngokukhanya, kanye namaphethini emzimbeni. Amafosili amaningi awabugcini lobu bufakazi, ngakho lonke uhlelo lwemibala luvame ukuhlala luwukwakha kabusha komculi.
Umkhondo mncane kunophaphe
Ama-melanosome atholakala esikhunjeni nasezimpapheni zezilwane eziphilayo. Kumafosili afanele, izakhiwo ezibonakala ngesibonakhulu nobufakazi bamakhemikhali kungaqhathaniswa nokwezinhlobo eziphilayo. Lokhu kunganciphisa amathuba ezinto zombala noma ukuhleleka kwezakhiwo ezisebenzisana nokukhanya okwakukhona esilwaneni esashabalala.
I-Natural History Museum of Utah ichaza intuthuko nemingcele yayo: eminye imibala itholakala kalula ngalezi zindlela kuneminye. Ifosili alisona isithombe esinemibala, futhi ukungatholakali kwento yombala akufakazeli ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi kwakukhona ibala elimhlophe.
Iphethini lingasho okuningi kunesampula lombala
Isampula le-Psittacosaurus elinikeza ulwazi oluningi ligcina ubufakazi bengaphezulu elinombala ojulile nengaphansi elinombala olula. Abacwaningi bakha kabusha isilwane base behlola ukuthi iphethini lihlobana kanjani nezithunzi ezimweni ezahlukene zokukhanya. Incazelo ye-University of Bristol ngalolo cwaningo ichaza isiphetho sokuthi i-countershading yaso yayifanele ukukhanya okusabalele, njengokwasendaweni yehlathi.
Lokhu kuwuchungechunge lokucabanga: iphethini eligciniwe → umzimba owakhiwe kabusha → ukuqhathanisa ukukhanya → umbono ngendawo yokuphila. Isinyathelo ngasinye sengeza okucatshangwayo. Umphumela uwusizo kakhulu uma lezo zinyathelo zibonakala kunokuwufingqa ngokuthi “leli dayinaso lalinsundu futhi lihlala ehlathini”.
Funda umfanekiso owakhiwe kabusha ngokwamazinga
Uma umfanekiso uchazwa ngokuthi usekelwe kwisayensi, buza ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezivela esampuleni nokuthi yiziphi ezigcwalisa isilwane esiphilayo esingenzeka. Umfanekiso owodwa ungahlanganisa amazinga amaningana okuqiniseka.
| Isimangalo | Ubufakazi obuwusizo | Umkhawulo omkhulu |
|---|---|---|
| Into yombala yayikhona | Okubonwa ngesibonakhulu nangamakhemikhali | Ukugqibeka kungashintsha into yokuqala |
| Iphethini lalisabalala emzimbeni | Ukusabalala kwento yombala egciniwe | Izingxenye ezingekho zidinga ukwakhiwa kabusha |
| Ukumbozeka kwakushintsha umbala ngokukhanya | Izakhiwo ezigciniwe ziqhathaniswa nezimpaphe eziphilayo | Ukubukeka kushintsha nge-engeli nokukhanya |
| Isilwane sonke sasinalolu hlelo lwemibala ncamashi | Umfanekiso ophelele owakhiwe kabusha | Imibala eminingi nezindawo zomzimba zingahlala zingaziwa |
Kungani izinhlaka zamathambo eziningi zingawuphenduli umbuzo?
Amathambo ngokuvamile asitshela kakhulu ngezilinganiso zomzimba kunombala wangaphandle. Ngisho nohlaka lwamathambo oluhle kakhulu lungaswela isikhumba noma izimpaphe. Umbala walo wanamuhla ungavela kumaminerali atholakala ngesikhathi kuba ifosili. Ithambo lefosili elinombala ojulile alifakazeli ukuthi isilwane sasinesikhumba esinombala ojulile.
Yingakho abaculi ababili abaqotho bengapenda idayinaso elifanayo ngemibala ehlukene. Bangavumelana ngohlaka lwamathambo kodwa bangabi nobufakazi obuqondile bombala wamehlo noma iphethini lasemhlane. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokwakheka kwamafosili uchaza ukuthi kungani izicubu ezihlukene zishiya amarekhodi ahlukene.
Yini okufanele uyibheke emdwebeni wedayinaso?
Qala ngencazelo yomfanekiso. Ingabe ibiza isampula noma iphepha locwaningo? Iyahlukanisa iphethini eligciniwe nelicatshangwayo? Isholo okungaphezu kobufakazi? Le mibuzo iveza okuningi kunokuthi umfanekiso ubukeka ungokoqobo yini.
Qhathanisa i-Microraptor ne-Archaeopteryx, bese ufunda ngobufakazi bezimpaphe. Umfanekiso okholisayo ungasisiza sicabange isilwane, kodwa kufanele uphinde ucacise lapho umcabango uqala khona.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo
Wonke amadayinaso ayeluhlaza noma ensundu?
Alukho uhlelo olulodwa lwemibala olusebenza kuyo yonke i-Dinosauria. Amasampula agcinwe ngokungavamile aveza amaphethini ahlukahlukene, kuyilapho imibala yezinhlobo eziningi ingaziwa kahle.
Ososayensi bangathola yonke imibala yokuqala?
Cha. Ukulondolozeka nebhayoloji yezinto zombala ezihlukene kunquma imingcele yalokho okungakhiwa kabusha. Umphumela ongaphelele nawo unikeza ulwazi.
